Front Cover; Nanoparticles in Translational Science and Medicine; Copyright; Contents; Contributors; Preface; Liposomes and Other Vesicular Systems ... ; I. Introduction; A. Molecular Self-assembly: Principles; B. Vesicles: Supramolecular Structures from Self-assembled Amphiphilic Molecules; II. Description and Classification of Vesicles; III. Techniques for Vesicle Structural Characterization; A. Size, Size Distribution, and Concentration; B. Zeta Potential; C. Morphology; D. Membrane Supramolecular Organization; E. Interaction Strength of Biomolecules with Vesicles; F. Drug Content Analysis.IV. Vesicles as Carriers for the Delivery of Bioactive MoleculesV. Methods of Preparation; A. Conventional Methods for the Preparation of Drug-Loaded Vesicles; B. Compressed Fluid-Based Methods for the Preparation of Drug-Loaded Vesicles; VI. Conclusions and Future Challenges; References; Luminescent Quantum Dots, Making Invisibles Visible in Bioimaging; I. Introduction; A. QDs, Go-Between Nanotechnology, and Biotechnology; B. Advantages of QDs Over Fluorescent Dyes in Bioimaging; II. Preparation of QDs for Bioconjugation; A. Synthesis of Core QDs; B. Formation of Shells for Bioconjugation.III. Labeling Cell Surfaces with QDsA. Nonspecific Labeling of Cell Surfaces; B. Specific Labeling of Cell Surfaces; IV. Delivery of QDs in Living Cells; A. Nonspecific Delivery; a. Arginine-Rich Peptides; b. Nuclear Localization Signals; c. Insect Neuropeptides; B. Specific Delivery; V. Photodynamic Therapy by Quantum Dots; A. ROS, Key to PDT; B. QDs for PDT of Cancer; C. QDs Versus Conventional PS Drugs for PDT; D. QD and Photosensitizer Hybrids as Drugs for PDT; VI. Concluding Remarks; References; Fabrication of Dendrimers Toward Biological Application; I. Introduction.II. Are Dendrimers Attractive in Biomedical Sciences?A. In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Dendrimers; B. In Vivo Toxicity of Dendrimers; C. How to Solve the Problems of Biomedical Toxicity; III. Drug Delivery Systems of Dendrimers; A. Load of Drugs by Physical Doping in Dendrimers; B. Release of Drugs Loaded by Physical Doping in Dendrimers; C. Delivery of Drugs Loaded by Chemical Binding in Dendrimers; IV. Targeting Delivery of Dendrimers; A. Folic Acid Dendrimers for Cancer Targeting; B. Antibody-Dendrimer for Cancer Targeting; C. Glycodendrimer for Cancer Targeting; V. Dendrimers for Therapy.A. Dendrimers for Boron-Neutron TherapyB. Dendrimers for Photodynamic Therapy; C. Dendrimers for Photothermal Therapy; D. Dendrimers for Gene Therapy; VI. Dendrimers as Imaging Agents for Inspection; A. Molecular Probes; B. Magnetic Resonance Imaging; C. X-ray Imaging and CT; D. Optical Fluorescence Imaging; VII. Conclusions; References; Carbohydrate-Based Nanoparticles for Potential Applications in Medicine; I. Introduction; II. Metallic Carbohydrate-Based Nanoparticles for In Vitro Detection of Cells and Pathogens; A. Detection of Cells; B. Detection of Pathogens.