Cílem této diplomové práce je analýza politického a společenského postavení urozených žen ve středověku. Konkrétně byly pro tuto analýzu vybrány Eliška Přemyslovna a Jakoba Bavorská. Vzhledem k tomu, že pohled na ženy a jejich schopnosti se ve středověku lišil od současného, byl pro tehdejší vlastní prosazení žen určující postoj jejich manželů. Tato práce tedy pojednává o vlivu těchto panovnic na politiku a zároveň vlivu jejich politických rozhodnutí na jejich manželství.This thesis deals with the status of noblewomen in the Middle Ages. The introduction presents a general view of the status of women in the society of the time. The thesis aims to answer questions concerning the position of women as heirs of territory, the influence of their husbands on their politics and, conversely, how politics affected their marriages. These questions are researched on the example of two female rulers - Elisabeth of Bohemia and Jacoba of Bavaria. In the first part of my thesis, I describe the private life of Elisabeth of Bohemia on the background of the political environment of Bohemia. The political scene was then unsettled. Next, I discuss the role of John of Luxembourg as the husband and the middleman between Elisabeth and the Bohemian nobility. In the second part, I present the life of Jacoba of Bavaria, who spent her whole life trying to defend her inherited rights to Holland, Zeeland, and Hainaut. At first, she had to protect her rights from her uncle John of Bavaria and after his death from Philip the Good. Her husbands were supposed to help her defend these rights, but that was not always the case. In the third part, I look for similarities and differences in the government and life of these rulers. In the last section, I present the conclusions emerging from this research.