Tato práce se věnuje srovnání slovanských a japonských pohádek. Práce nejdříve nastiňuje historii literárního žánru pohádka, věnuje se stručnému popisu jejích znaků, a poté popisuje metodu analýzy ruského vědce Vladimira J. Proppa. Na základě jeho práce jsem vybral a analyzoval 16 pohádek s určitým společným základem. Následně prezentuji výsledky analýzy a věnuji se i motivu zázračného zrození hrdiny podle kterého jsem dané pohádky vybral.The main theme of this theses was to choose sixteen folktales from four different countries: Czech, Russian, Ukranian and Japanese. To be able to compare these folktales between each other, all of them contain the "motif of miraculous birth" at the start of their stories. Then these folktales were analysed based on methods proposed by Vladimir J. Propp. His methods were initialy designed for Russian and Ukranian fairy tales so one part of this theses was to see, if these methods are applicable also to the Czech fairy tales. After the analysis, I can say that his methods are also applicable to Czech fairy tales due to the number of things they share in common. These methods could possibly be used on all Slavic fairy tales. I can also say that to a certain degree, Propp's methods can be used also on Japanese fairy tales. Especially, on those fairy tales its story is similiar to folktales of Slavic countries.