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Adaptace ptáků na urbanizované prostředí
Title statement Adaptace ptáků na urbanizované prostředí [rukopis] / Karel Gern Additional Variant Titles Adaptace ptáku na urbanizované prostředí Personal name Gern, Karel (dissertant) Translated title Adaptations of the common blackbird to urban environment Issue data 2015 Note Ved. práce Tomáš Grim Another responsib. Grim, Tomáš, 1973- (thesis advisor) Another responsib. Univerzita Palackého. Katedra botaniky (degree grantor) Keywords adaptace * kos černy * městskapopulace * Turdus merula * urbanizace * Adaptations of the common blackbird to urban environment Form, Genre bakalářské práce bachelor's theses UDC (043)378.22 Country Česko Language čeština Document kind PUBLIKAČNÍ ČINNOST Title Bc. Degree program Bakalářský Degree program Tělesná výchova a sport Degreee discipline tělesná výchova - biologie book
Kvalifikační práce Downloaded Size datum zpřístupnění 00194261-677338460.pdf 55 467.7 KB 30.06.2015 Posudek Typ posudku 00194261-ved-879563359.pdf Posudek vedoucího 00194261-opon-664286908.pdf Posudek oponenta Průběh obhajoby datum zadání datum odevzdání datum obhajoby přidělená hodnocení typ hodnocení 00194261-prubeh-191328447.docx 15.01.2013 30.06.2015 31.08.2015 2 Hodnocení známkou Call number Barcode Location Sublocation Info BP-ZOO/144 (PřF-KBO) 3134518328 PřF-Holice PřF, Knihovna Holice - sklad In-Library Use Only
Jednim z ustredni?ch temat soucasne behavioralni? ekologie jsou zmeny v chovani? populaci? ruznych druhu v dusledku preziváníni v neustale se rozpinajicim mestskem prostredi. Urbanizace je proces, pri kterem dochazi k osidlovani a prestavbe krajiny a zivotniho prostredi? cloveem v obytne nebo tovarni zastavby. V takto pozmenenem prostredi jsou schopny prezivat jen nektere druhy. Vzhledem k tomu, ze kos cerny?(Turdus merula) se behem zhruba 200 let stal v evropskem urbannim prostredi jednim z nejbezpejsih ptaku, je velmi vhodnym modelovym druhem pro studium adaptaci spojeny?ch s urbanizaci?. Dokonce i v introdukovany?ch populaci?ch (napr?. Novy? Ze?land) patr?i? k nejbe?z?ne?js?i?m me?stsky?m pta?ku?m. Ve sve? bakala?r?ske? pra?ci shrnuji formou litera?rni? res?ers?e za?kladni? adaptace kosa c?erne?ho, ktere? mohly ve?st k tak u?spe?s?ne?mu pr?ez?i?va?ni? tohoto druhu ve me?stech. Tlak me?stske?ho prostr?edi? je natolik silny?, z?e be?hem pome?rne? kra?tke?ho obdobi? dos?lo k odlis?eni? me?stsky?ch a ne-me?stsky?ch populaci? kosa c?erne?ho vmnoha aspektech. Kos si vyvinul nove? z?ivotni? strategie, pr?izpu?sobil se z?ivotu v zastave?ny?ch oblastech a s ti?m spjaty?mi proble?my s hni?zde?ni?m, silne?mu ruchu, ktery? se vtomto prostr?edi? vyskytuje, stresu, tlaku jine?ho spolec?enstva preda?toru?, dostupnosti? a niz?s?i? kvalitou potravni?ch zdroju? nebo odlis?ne?mu mikroklimatu. V souc?asnosti ma? kos c?erny? di?ky novy?m adaptaci?m ve me?stech natolik vhodne? prostr?edi?, z?e oproti pu?vodni?m ne-me?stsky?m populaci?m ma? ve?ts?i? reprodukc?ni? u?spe?ch, populac?ni? hustotu a z pu?vodne? migruji?ci?ho druhu se stal druhem c?a?stec?ne? migruji?ci?m. Prohlubuji?ci? se rozdi?ly mezi me?stsky?mi a ne-me?stsky?mi populacemi kosu? mohou ve?st az? ke geneticke? izolaci obou typu? populaci?. Pro studium rozdi?lu? mezi populacemi je du?lez?ite? sledovat i sousedni? ne-me?stske? populace.One major topic in contemporary behavioral ecology examines how species' behavior changes as their landscapes become urbanized. The process of urbanization begins with human colonization of pristine habitats and proceeds as that landscape is converted by humans, such that residential houses and factories are predominant features. Only some species have adapted to these altered environments, while most other species have been unable to cope with these radical changes to speciose environments. The blackbird (Turdus merula) has become one of the most common birds in urban environments during the past 200 years; therefore, it is a suitable model for the study of adaptations associated with urbanization. I will summarize basic adaptations of the blackbird in my bachelor thesis which is written as literal research. The pressure of urban environments is so strong that during a relatively short period urban and rural populations differ in many aspects of their life history. To survive in urban areas, blackbirds have had to cope with a range of novel challenges, including the problems of nesting, different predators, availability and quality of food sources of different microclimates which are connected with it. Currently, blackbird populations have been highly successful in the urban habitats due to their ability to cope with selection pressures that differ from those found in their original rural populations. As a result urban blackbirds have greater reproductive success, higher population density, and have become non-migratory. Differences between urban and rural populations can lead to genetic isolation so it is important to observe also neighboring rural populations for relevant results
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