Počet záznamů: 1  

Biological diversity

  1. Údaje o názvuBiological diversity [elektronický zdroj] : frontiers in measurement and assessment / edited by Anne E. Magurran and Brian J. McGill
    Vyd.údajeOxford ; New York, N.Y. : Oxford University Press, 2011
    Fyz.popis1 online zdroj (xvii, 345 s.) : il.
    ISBN9780191576843 (e-book)
    0191576840 (e-book)
    PoznámkaPopsáno podle tištěné verze
    Poznámky o skryté bibliografii a rejstřícíchObsahuje bibliografické odkazy a rejstřík
    Úplný obsahMachine generated contents note:
    1.
    Challenges and opportunities in the measurement and assessment of biological diversity / Brian J. McGill --
    1.1.
    Introduction --
    1.2.
    State of the field --
    1.3.
    What is in this book --
    Acknowledgements --
    pt. I
    Basic Measurement Issues --
    2.
    An overview of sampling issues in species diversity and abundance surveys / Norman Mercado-Silva --
    2.1.
    Introduction --
    2.2.
    State of the field --
    2.2.1.
    Setting objectives --
    2.2.2.
    An important partner: the statistician --
    2.2.3.
    What species to sample --
    2.2.4.
    Where to sample --
    2.2.5.
    Bias, sampling error, and precision --
    2.2.6.
    How to sample --
    2.2.7.
    Quantifying the sample --
    2.2.8.
    When to sample --
    2.2.9.
    How many samples to collect --
    2.2.10.
    Comparing information from different surveys --
    2.2.11.
    Preparing for the field --
    2.3.
    Prospectus --
    2.4.
    Key points --
    3.
    Biodiversity monitoring: the relevance of detectability / Stuart E. Newson --
    3.1.
    Introduction --
    3.2.
    State of the field: which biodiversity measure?. 3.3.
    Detectability: are species counts relevant for monitoring biodiversity? --
    3.3.1.
    Individual detectability --
    3.3.2.
    Estimating individual detectability --
    3.3.3.
    Species detectability --
    3.4.
    Case study: the UK Breeding Bird Survey --
    3.5.
    Discussion --
    3.6.
    Prospectus --
    3.7.
    Key points --
    Acknowledgements --
    pt. II
    Diversity --
    4.
    Estimating species richness / Robert K. Colwell --
    4.1.
    Introduction --
    4.2.
    State of the field --
    4.2.1.
    Sampling models for biodiversity data --
    4.2.2.
    The species accumulation curve --
    4.2.3.
    Climbing the species accumulation curve --
    4.2.4.
    Species richness versus species density --
    4.2.5.
    Individual-based rarefaction --
    4.2.6.
    Sample-based rarefaction --
    4.2.7.
    Assumptions of rarefaction --
    4.2.8.
    Estimating asymptotic species richness --
    4.2.9.
    Comparing estimators of asymptotic species richness --
    4.2.10.
    Software for estimating species richness from sample data --
    4.3.
    Prospectus --
    4.4.
    Key points --
    Acknowledgements --
    5.
    Measurement of species diversity / Brian J. McGill --
    5.1.
    Introduction --
    5.2.
    State of the art. 5.2.1.
    Species diversity as variance --
    5.2.2.
    Species diversity as information --
    5.2.3.
    Traditional measures of various types of diversity --
    5.2.4.
    Addressing the difference between the empirical and ecological samples: estimating species diversity components using empirical samples --
    5.2.5.
    Testing for heterogeneity among ecological samples --
    5.3.
    Prospectus --
    5.4.
    Key points --
    6.
    Compositional similarity and β (beta) diversity / Robin L. Chazdon --
    6.1.
    Introduction --
    6.2.
    State of the field --
    6.2.1.
    Measures of relative compositional similarity and differentiation --
    6.2.2.
    Diversity and compositional similarity --
    6.2.3.
    Statistical estimation of assemblage differentiation and similarity --
    6.3.
    Prospectus --
    6.4.
    Key points --
    7.
    Measuring biological diversity in time (and space) / Anne E. Magurran --
    7.1.
    Introduction --
    7.2.
    State of the field: timescales of change and community boundaries --
    7.3.
    What is being measured? --
    7.4.
    Assessing change through time --
    7.4.1.
    Temporal turnover: species time curves --
    7.4.2.
    Temporal turnover: turnover indexes. 7.4.3.
    Using species abundance distributions to evaluate change --
    7.4.4.
    Assessing change using biodiversity indexes --
    7.5.
    Measuring change in the rate of change --
    7.6.
    Using temporal change to shed light on community structure --
    7.7.
    Partitioning diversity in space and time --
    7.8.
    Prospectus --
    7.9.
    Key points --
    pt. III
    Distribution --
    8.
    Commonness and rarity / Peter A. Henderson --
    8.1.
    Introduction --
    8.2.
    State of the field --
    8.3.
    Commonness and rarity: ecological context --
    8.4.
    Assessing commonness and rarity --
    8.5.
    Prospectus --
    8.6.
    Key points --
    9.
    Species abundance distributions / Brian J. McGill --
    9.1.
    Introduction --
    9.2.
    State of the field --
    9.2.1.
    Visual approaches to SADs --
    9.2.2.
    Parametric approaches to SADs --
    9.2.3.
    Non-parametric approaches to SADs --
    9.2.4.
    Multivariate approaches to SADs --
    9.3.
    Identifying a useful, parsimonious subset of SAD metrics --
    9.3.1.
    Efficiency and bias --
    9.3.2.
    Independence of measures --
    9.3.3.
    Overall assessment of useful, parsimonious metrics of SADs --
    9.4.
    Prospectus --
    9.5.
    Key points --
    Acknowledgements. 10.
    Fitting and empirical evaluation of models for species abundance distributions / Maria Dornelas --
    10.1.
    Introduction --
    10.2.
    State of the field --
    10.2.1.
    Species abundance models --
    10.2.2.
    Obtaining predicted abundances --
    10.2.3.
    Choosing parameters --
    10.2.4.
    Goodness-of-fit testing --
    10.2.5.
    Model selection --
    10.3.
    Prospectus --
    10.3.1.
    Sampling theory for species abundance models --
    10.3.2.
    Parameter estimation --
    10.3.3.
    Goodness-of-fit testing --
    10.3.4.
    Model selection --
    10.3.5.
    Conclusions --
    10.4.
    Key points --
    11.
    Species occurrence and occupancy / Fangliang He --
    11.1.
    Introduction --
    11.2.
    State of the field --
    11.2.1.
    Occupancy-area relationships --
    11.2.2.
    Occupancy-abundance relationships --
    11.2.3.
    Species occupancy distributions --
    11.3.
    Prospectus --
    11.4.
    Key points --
    Acknowledgements --
    12.
    Measuring the spatial structure of biodiversity / Brian J. McGill --
    12.1.
    Introduction --
    12.1.1.
    What spatial structure is of interest? --
    12.1.2.
    Number of variables recorded -- pattern or association? --
    12.1.3.
    Types of data. 12.2.
    State of the art --
    12.2.1.
    Estimating intensity (first-order effects) --
    12.2.2.
    Studying effects at a distance (second-order effects) --
    12.2.3.
    Associations between two variables --
    12.2.4.
    Software available --
    12.3.
    Prospectus --
    12.4.
    Key points --
    Acknowledgements --
    pt. IV
    Alternative measures of diversity --
    13.
    A primer of trait and functional diversity / Evan Weiher --
    13.1.
    Introduction --
    13.1.1.
    General definitions --
    13.1.2.
    General importance --
    13.1.3.
    A brief history of trait and functional diversity --
    13.2.
    State of the field --
    13.2.1.
    Overview --
    13.2.2.
    Indices of trait and functional diversity --
    13.2.3.
    Partitioning the components of trait diversity --
    13.2.4.
    Methodological issues --
    13.2.5.
    Conceptual issues --
    13.3.
    Prospectus --
    13.3.1.
    Recommendations --
    13.3.2.
    Future directions --
    13.4.
    Key points --
    Acknowledgements --
    14.
    Measuring phylogenetic biodiversity / Arne ˘. Mooers --
    14.1.
    Introduction --
    14.1.1.
    Overview --
    14.1.2.
    Approaching the study of phylogenetic diversity. 14.2.
    State of the field --
    14.2.1.
    Null models --
    14.2.2.
    Simulation analyses --
    14.2.3.
    Simulation results --
    14.3.
    Prospectus --
    14.3.1.
    Phylogenetic diversity in conservation --
    14.3.2.
    Phylogenetic diversity in community ecology --
    14.3.3.
    Abundance vs presence-absence data --
    14.4.
    Key points --
    15.
    Genetic methods for biodiversity assessment / Hans-Werner Herrmann --
    15.1.
    Introduction --
    15.2.
    Genetic methods in biodiversity assessment --
    15.2.1.
    Mitochondrial, chloroplast, and nuclear DNA --
    15.2.2.
    Genome technologies --
    15.3.
    Biodiversity assessments --
    15.3.1.
    Phylogenies for biodiversity assessment using mtDNA and nuclear DNA --
    15.3.2.
    Non-invasively monitoring for biodiversity --
    15.3.3.
    DNA barcoding for biodiversity assessment --
    15.3.4.
    Genome technologies for biodiversity assessment --
    15.4.
    Prospectus --
    15.5.
    Key points --
    pt. V
    Applications --
    16.
    Microbial diversity and ecology / Thomas P. Curtis --
    16.1.
    Introduction --
    16.2.
    The diversity concept --
    16.3.
    Phylogeny --
    16.4.
    rRNA as an evolutionary chronometer. 16.5.
    Methods for assessing diversity --
    16.5.1.
    PCR-based methods --
    16.5.2.
    Pyrosequencing --
    16.5.3.
    Metagenomics --
    16.6.
    Sampling, scale, and thresholds --
    16.7.
    Mathematical tools for estimating diversity --
    16.7.1.
    Collectors curves --
    16.7.2.
    Chao's non-parametric estimators --
    16.7.3.
    Parametric estimators that assume a distribution --
    16.7.4.
    Estimating diversity by inferring a distribution from the data --
    16.8.
    Estimation of required sample size --
    16.9.
    In-depth metagenome analyses --
    16.10.
    Prospectus --
    16.11.
    Key points --
    17.
    Biodiversity and disturbance / Karl Inne Ugland --
    17.1.
    Introduction --
    17.2.
    What is a disturbance? --
    17.2.1.
    Source of the disturbance --
    17.2.2.
    Timescale --
    17.2.3.
    Spatial scale --
    17.2.4.
    Intensity --
    17.2.5.
    Specificity --
    17.2.6.
    Summary --
    17.3.
    State of the field: measuring the effects of disturbance on biodiversity --
    17.3.1.
    Univariate metrics --
    17.3.2.
    Species abundance distribution based metrics --
    17.3.3.
    Multivariate analysis --
    17.4.
    Prospectus --
    17.5.
    Key points --
    Acknowledgements. 18.
    Measuring biodiversity in managed landscapes / Melodie A. McGeoch --
    18.1.
    Introduction --
    18.2.
    State of the field --
    18.2.1.
    Variation in biodiversity measurement goals --
    18.2.2.
    Bioindicators and monitoring --
    18.2.3.
    Measuring biodiversity for management --
    18.2.4.
    Matrices for measurement --
    18.3.
    Prospectus --
    18.4.
    Key points --
    Acknowledgements --
    19.
    Estimating extinction with the fossil record / S. Kathleen Lyons --
    19.1.
    Introduction --
    19.2.
    State of the field --
    19.2.1.
    Basic metrics --
    19.2.2.
    Survivorship curves --
    19.2.3.
    The importance of sampling --
    19.2.4.
    Relevant studies --
    19.2.5.
    Occurrence-based diversity estimates --
    19.2.6.
    Gap analyses --
    19.3.
    Prospectus --
    19.4.
    Key points. 20.
    Estimating species density / Chi Yuan --
    20.1.
    Introduction --
    20.1.1.
    The problem: what is the density of species? --
    20.1.2.
    Defining the density of species --
    20.1.3.
    Species density takes on new importance in an era of environmental concern --
    20.2.
    Data set --
    20.2.1.
    Data description --
    20.2.2.
    Data manipulation --
    20.2.3.
    NP: our surrogate for A --
    20.3.
    Density estimates --
    20.3.1.
    First density estimate --
    20.3.2.
    Density estimates for subsets with a uniform plot size --
    20.4.
    Curvature in SPARs --
    20.5.
    Reducing the bias --
    20.5.1.
    Extrapolation --
    20.5.2.
    Estimators based on the frequency of scarce species --
    20.6.
    Applying bias reduction --
    20.7.
    Checking our results on the scale of all of Virginia --
    20.8.
    Why species density? --
    20.8.1.
    Species density as an environmental indicator --
    20.8.2.
    Species density as a topic of study --
    20.9.
    Key points --
    Acknowledgements --
    pt. VI
    Conclusions --
    21.
    Conclusions / Anne E. Magurran.
    Poznámky k dostupnostiPřístup pouze pro oprávněné uživatele
    PoznámkyZpůsob přístupu: World Wide Web
    Dal.odpovědnost Magurran, Anne E., 1955- (editor)
    McGill, Brian J. (editor)
    Tištěná verze knihy Biological diversity
    Předmět.hesla biodiverzita biodiversity * monitorování životního prostředí environmental monitoring * ekologie ecology
    Forma, žánr elektronické knihy electronic books
    Konspekt574 - Obecná ekologie
    MDT 574.1 , 502.175 , 574 , (0.034.2:08)
    Země vyd.Velká Británie ; Spojené státy americké
    Jazyk dok.angličtina
    Druh dok.Elektronické zdroje
    URLhttp://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&scope=site&db=nlebk&db=nlabk&AN=462693
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