Cover; Half-title; Title page; Copyright information; Dedication; Contents; Foreword; Preface to the Second Edition; Preface to the First Edition; List of Abbreviations; Section 1 The Basics; Chapter 1 General Organisation of the Body; How do the body's organs develop?; How do organs differ from body systems?; What is homeostasis?; How does the body exert control over its physiological systems?; What is positive feedback?; Further reading; Chapter 2 Cell Components and Function; Describe the basic layout of a cell; Describe the composition of the cell nucleusWhat are the organelles? Describe the major onesFurther reading; Chapter 3 Genetics; What is a chromosome?; What is DNA?; What is RNA? How does it differ from DNA?; What is a codon?; What are the modes of Mendelian inheritance? Give some examples; Further reading; Chapter 4 The Cell Membrane; What is the structure of the cell membrane?; Which other structures are found within the cell membrane?; What are the functions of transmembrane proteins?; By what means are substances transported across the cell membrane?Are there any other means by which substances are transported across the cell membrane?Further reading; Chapter 5 Enzymes; What is a catalyst?; What are the main features of an enzyme?; How does an enzyme work?; What types of enzyme are there?; What is meant by the terms 'cofactor' and 'coenzyme'?; Further reading; Section 2 Respiratory Physiology; Chapter 6 The Upper Airways; What are the components and functions of the upper respiratory tract?; How does the upper airway remain patent during breathing?; What happens to the upper airway during sleep?; What is OSA?; Further readingChapter 7 The Lower AirwaysWhat are the functions of the lung?; Describe the functional anatomy of the lower airways; Which cell types are found in the alveolus?; What is the alveolar-capillary barrier?; How does the lung inflate and deflate during tidal breathing?; What are the non-respiratory functions of the lung?; Further reading; Chapter 8 Oxygen Transport; How is oxygen transported in the blood?; How do the body's oxygen stores compare with its consumption of oxygen?; Describe the structure of RBCs; What is Hb?; What is cooperative binding?What is the oxyhaemoglobin dissociation curve?What other forms of Hb are there?; How does the single point mutation cause clinical disease in sickle cell disease?; What is the clinical significance of MetHb?; How does carbon monoxide poisoning affect oxygen carriage?; What are the mechanisms of cyanide toxicity?; What about myoglobin? What is its structure and oxygen-binding profile?; Further reading; Chapter 9 Carbon Dioxide Transport; How does carbon dioxide production and storage compare with that of oxygen?; How is carbon dioxide transported in the circulation?