Section 1: Basic Processes at the Cellular Levels -- Arginine uptake by cells -- L-arginine and the expression of HSP70 and p-53 proteins -- AMP-activated protein kinase and L-arginine -- Amidine-based compounds affecting arginine metabolism -- Oxy- and sulfoanalogues of L-arginine -- Regulation of expression and activity of L-arginine transporters by nutrients and hormones: A focus in transcriptional mechanisms regulated by glucose and insulin -- Arginine, pancreatic beta cell function and diabetes: mechanisms of stimulated insulin release and pathways of metabolism -- Erythrocytes by-products of arginine catabolism -- Section 2: Arginine Metabolism and Functions -- Arginine synthesis from enteral proline -- Arginine and macrophages: role in classical and alternative activation -- Arginine and TNF alpha production in macrophages: a focus on metabolism, ageing, metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes -- Arginine metabolism impairment during sepsis and diseases: causes and consequences -- Use of arginine with Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) and the endocrine response -- Serum arginase in healthy subjects and nitric oxide -- Section 3: Arginine Status in Cells Related to Organ Damage and Disease -- Protein Arginine Methylation of RNA-binding Proteins and Their Impact on Human Diseases -- DNA-arginine adducts and implications in disease -- Homoarginine and L-arginine: Glycine amidinotransferase in stroke -- The L-arginine/asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) ratio in health and disease: an overview -- Arginine and its transporters in colorectal cancer -- Arginine Uptake and Its Role in the Survival of Breast Cancer Cells -- Section 4: Arginine Status and Use in Healthy Individuals -- Arginine production during pregnancy -- L-arginine in the uterus and placenta and during gestation in mammals -- Oral L-arginine supplementation in young males: endocrinology, metabolic, and physiological responses at rest and during exercise -- Metabolic precursors of L-Arginine supplementation in sport: a focus on L-Citrulline and L-Ornithine -- Section 5: Arginine and Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract -- Arginine and its use in ameliorating Cryptosporidium parvum infection in undernourished children -- Arginine and Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) -- Dietary L-arginine and intestinal recovery -- Enteral and parenteral arginine supplementation in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion injury -- Mucosal Protection by Arginine in the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract -- Enteral L-arginine and necrotizing enterocolitis -- Section 6: Therapeutic uses of Arginine: Diabetes, Obesity and Cardiovascular Diseases -- L-arginine usage in Type I diabetes: From the autoimmune event to human dietary supplementation -- Oral l-arginine supplementation and glucose metabolism and vascular function -- Arginine enriched apples and diabetic control -- Beneficial impact of cod protein, arginine and other amino acids on insulin sensitivity -- Obese subjects and supplemental L-arginine -- Mitochondrial cardiomyopathy and usage of L-arginine -- Arginine Measurement and Concentrations in Hypertension and other Cardiovascular Disease -- L-Arginine and cardiovascular disease -- Arginine therapy in sickle cell disease -- Section 7: Therapeutic Uses of Arginine: Cancer, Wound Healing and Infectious Disease -- Role of arginine in surgical patients with head and neck cancer -- Arginine-Incorporated Albumin Mesospheres: A Drug Delivery System for Cancer Therapy -- Use of L-arginine and glycine supplementation to reduce radiotherapy damage -- Arginine in Cancer Therapy -- Mechanisms of Arginine-Auxotrophic Response and Their Cancer Therapeutic Implications -- The role of arginine in wound healing -- L-arginine and bacterial translocation: implications for health -- L-arginine in Pulmonary Tuberculosis -- Arginine in Health and Disease: Recommended Resources and Further Reading.