Práce se zaměřuje na přítomnost osobnosti Pabla Nerudy v české literární kultuře, a to jak formou překladů a vydávání jeho díla, tak v souvislosti s konkrétními návštěvami chilského básníka v Československu a jeho vzájemnými vztahy s představiteli české literatury. Prezentace Nerudy v českém prostředí vykazuje jasnou politickou motivaci a nepřiměřeně zúženou perspektivu, s níž se vydávaly opakovaně tytéž knihy, zatímco více než dvě třetiny Nerudova díla nejsou do češtiny přeloženy dodnes. Samotné překládání Nerudy představuje, zejména v kontextu jeho angažované tvorby, velmi problematickou otázku, neboť klíč k výběru překládaných textů je motivován výhradně politickými potřebami a kvalita jednotlivých překladů je do značné míry svázána požadavky kladenými na poezii po roce 1948, takže, sama dezinterpretující, představuje východisko pro dezinterpretaci Nerudových textů na dalších úrovních. Neruda prezentovaný v Československu od konce 40. let je tak více než co jiného spíše konstruktem strážců ideové čistoty oficiálního proudu literatury u nás, bohužel, tento pokřivený a účelově vytvořený obraz obecně přežívá do dnešních dnů.This diploma thesis deals with the presence of a Chilean poet Pablo Neruda in the Czech literary culture. It is primarily focused on the process of translation of Neruda´s work into the Czech language and also on the mutual relations between Neruda and the representatives of the official line of the Czech literature since the 50´s. In the introduction which refers to Neruda´s political evolution generally, several main topics are mentioned: the differences between socialism in Latin America and in the area of Eastern and Middle Europe, which are represented by different political and historical motivations, Neruda´s involvement in the political activities in Chile and also the gradual metamorphosis of his attitude towards the forms of communism in USSR and China. This topic is important for example - because of the fact that Neruda was presented in the Czechoslovakia as a Stalinist for many years whilst he had a different view of this matter. The second chapter is focused on the poetic language of Neruda since his first collections of works and on its evolution from the reflections of the Civil war in Spain, large verses of Canto general, new simplification of the form in Odas to the real face of his engaged poetry. Of course, this chapter deals also with the sources of Neruda´s poetic language and how they were shaped throughout his life. The third chapter attempts to describe and analyse the translations of Neruda´s works into Czech from his poems in the Czech daily press and magazines to the selected poems and 'completed' works which were modified in adjust to the political demands made by the Czech translators and editors. In the fourth chapter there are Neruda´s visits and stays in Czechoslovakia described, especially the times he spent in Prague and Dobris. Together with these geographical points the chapter refers to Neruda´s relations to the Czech writers whose memories of the Chilean poet, recorded in their books, are mentioned in the second part of this chapter. The fifth chapter touches Neruda´s poem The Prague Interview, which is dedicated to Prague and to Julius Fučík and through the analysis and comparison it shows how differently was an icon of the Czechoslovakian communism seen by Neruda and by the young communist poets in Czechoslovakia. The sixth chapter is dedicated to the issues of translations of Neruda´s works. In this process Neruda´s poetry was obviously modified and changed because the fundamental matters of his thinking and also of his language were not respected. An analysis of several translated poems shows the irregularities because of which Neruda is misinterpreted and seen in a completely biased spectre up to these days.